MEDIA SECTORS
A category of the industry dictated by the medium of media they create.
In each sector, these are some different companies and their products/brands.
FILM
An audiovisual medium.
EXAMPLE.
DISNEY owns the animated film CINDERELLA in 1950.
EXAMPLE.
DISNEY owns the animated film CINDERELLA in 1950.
TELEVISIONAn audiovisual medium.
EXAMPLE.
THE BBC owns the show SHERLOCK.
RADIOAn audio medium.
EXAMPLE.
BBC RADIO 2 owns THE ZOE BALL SHOW.
VIDEO GAMES
EXAMPLE.
CAPCOM owns the game MONSTER HUNTER WORLD.
PRINT AND PUBLISHING
EXAMPLE.
THE GUARDIAN MEDIA GROUP owns THE GUARDIAN NEWSPAPER.
THE GUARDIAN MEDIA GROUP owns THE GUARDIAN NEWSPAPER.
WEB AND ONLINE TECHNOLOGY
EXAMPLE.
THE BBC owns BBC IPLAYER.
THE BBC owns BBC IPLAYER.
MUSICEXAMPLE.
SHADY RECORDS owns EMINEM.
OWNERSHIP MODELS
CROSS MEDIA COMPANY - OPERATES IN/PRODUCING IN MULTIPLE SECTORS
CONGLOMERATE
LARGE ORGANISATIONS OWNING OTHER COMPANIES - AN OVERALL PARENT COMPANY OWNS VARIOUS SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES BELOW IT.
EG. SONY, DISNEY
DISNEY OWNS MANY DIFFERENT SUBSIDIARIES.
INDEPENDENT COMPANIES
FREE TO CONTROL ITS OWN CREATIVE ENDEAVOURS AND PRODUCTIONS BUT COLLABORATE WITH OTHER COMPANIES TO DISTRIBUTE THEIR FILMS. THEY USE JOINT VENTURE TO GET FILMS DISTRIBUTED.
EG. WIGWAM FILMS
EG. WIGWAM FILMS
FOR THEIR FILM 'IBOY', WIGWAM COLLABORATED WITH NETFLIX AS DISTRIBUTORS FOR THE MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL GOAL OF ENSURING PEOPLE SEE IT. NETFLIX GET CONTENT AND WIGWAM GET DISTRIBUTION.
FUNDING/REVENUE MODEL:
OTHER INDEPENDENT COMPANIES OF NOTE (AS OF NOW):
- WARP FILMS
- CALAMITY PRODUCTIONS
PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTERS
COMPANIES THAT EXIST TO PROVIDE AND PRODUCE AN OUTPUT THAT INFORMS, EDUCATES AND ENTERTAINS RATHER THAN JUST FOR COMMERCIAL GAIN. IN THE UK, THERE ARE FIVE OF THESE PUBLIC SERVICES.
EG. THE BBC, ITV, CHANNEL 3 SERVICES, CHANNEL 4, CHANNEL 5
EG. THE BBC, ITV, CHANNEL 3 SERVICES, CHANNEL 4, CHANNEL 5
FUNDING/REVENUE MODEL:
- TELEVISION LICENSE (BBC)
- ADVERTISING (OTHERS)
WE ARE IN A SITUATION, IN THE MODERN DAY, WHEREIN WE BELIEVE WE ARE MAKING CHOICES ABOUT THE MEDIA WE CONSUME. HOWEVER, WE CAN'T ALWAYS KNOW WHO IS CREATING IT BECAUSE COMPANIES CHANGE AND BUY EACH OTHER. AMERICA'S MEDIA TODAY IS OWNED BY SIX BIG CONGLOMERATES:
RUPERT MURDOCH OWNS A LOT OF THE MEDIA IN AMERICA AND THE UK.
THE BBC
A public service broadcaster and a conglomerate with one mission statement:
- To educate
- To inform
- To entertain
The BBC has its finger in lots of theoretical pies.
BBC WORLD
BBC SPORT
BBC ARABIC
ETC.
BBC3 PROFILE
PREVIOUSLY BBC CHOICE.
- BBC 3 is now online because its target audience is mostly online - 16-34 YEAR OLDS.
JOINT-VENTURE
Independent companies will work with others in order to produce and distribute their films because they're expensive and risky. Most films are joint ventures.
Independent companies will work with others in order to produce and distribute their films because they're expensive and risky. Most films are joint ventures.
SPECIALIST PROVIDERS
Companies that work within one particular media sector, such as Universal Records with music or Capcom with games.
CROSS-MEDIA COMPANIES
Companies that work within one particular media sector, such as Universal Records with music or Capcom with games.
CROSS-MEDIA COMPANIES
Companies that work within multiple media sectors, such as Disney or The BBC.
HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION
When a company owns media in multiple sectors, they are horizontally integrated. This means that they can cover more ground and promote their media to wider audiences. You could, for example, advertise your film on your TV channel for children and then publish a soundtrack to go along with it.
eg. Disney make films, TV, books, games, websites, music etc.
VERTICAL INTEGRATION
When a company owns all steps of the production process to make something, they are vertically integrated. This allows the company to be self-sufficient and wealthy, because less people have to be paid. There is also no reliance here on 3rd parties.
eg. Coca Cola mine their own aluminium and distill their own water in their production process.
SYNERGY (AND DISNEY)
HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION
When a company owns media in multiple sectors, they are horizontally integrated. This means that they can cover more ground and promote their media to wider audiences. You could, for example, advertise your film on your TV channel for children and then publish a soundtrack to go along with it.
eg. Disney make films, TV, books, games, websites, music etc.
VERTICAL INTEGRATION
When a company owns all steps of the production process to make something, they are vertically integrated. This allows the company to be self-sufficient and wealthy, because less people have to be paid. There is also no reliance here on 3rd parties.
eg. Coca Cola mine their own aluminium and distill their own water in their production process.
SYNERGY (AND DISNEY)
This is the result of a company with horizontal and vertical integration - it means 'greater than the sum of its parts'. It could refer to a chain effect such as:
create film -> advertise film on other sectors -> sell soundtrack and books
create film -> advertise film on other sectors -> sell soundtrack and books
THE IMPORTANCE OF DISTRIBUTORS
The distributors of any type of media are very important - they determine who goes to see films or buys games. They are in charge of marketing and advertising .
PADDINGTON 2 CASE STUDY - DISTRIBUTION
Paddington 2 did really well in the box office and it was produced by an English company, Heyday Studios, who made the Harry Potter films. Its distributors likely played a huge part in this.
DISTRIBUTORS:
OTHER COMPANIES:
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